Gas Embolism

Gas embolism occurs when gases enter the venous or arterial vasculature embolizing in a large enough volume to compromise the function of an organ or body part. This occlusive process results in ischemia to the affected areas. Air embolism may occur as a result of surgical procedures (e.g., cardiovascular surgery, infra-aortic balloons, arthroplasties, or endoscopies), use of monitoring devices (e.g., Swan-Ganz introducer, infusion pumps) in non-surgical patients (e.g., ruptured lung in respirator-dependent patient, injection of fluids into tissue space), or traumatic injuries (e.g., gunshot wound, penetrating chest injuries). In these cases, HBO therapy may be the treatment of choice. It is most effective when initiated early. Therapy is directed toward reducing the volume of gas bubbles and increasing the diffusion gradient of the embolized gas.

back